COGNITION IN THE WILD

Le Monde En Tique

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Ouvrage 9780262082310 : COGNITION IN THE WILD
Edwin Hutchins combines his background as an anthropologist and an open-ocean racing sailor and navigator in this account of how anthropological methods can be combined with cognitive theory to produce a new reading of cognitive science. His theoretical insights are grounded in an extended analysis of ship navigation - its computational basis, its historical roots, its social organization, and the details of its implementation in actual practice aboard large ships. The result is an unusual interdisciplinary approach to cognition in culturally constituted activities outside the laboratory - "in the wild." Hutchins examines a set of phenomena that have fallen between the established disciplines of psychology and anthropology, bringing to light a new set of relationships between culture and cognition. The standard view is that culture affects the cognition of individuals. Hutchins argues instead that cultural activity systems have cognitive properties of their own that differ from the cognitive properties of the individuals who participate in them. Each action for bringing a large naval vessel into port, for example, is informed by culture; thus the navigation team can be seen as a cognitive and computational system. Introducing life in the Navy and work on the bridge, Hutchins makes a clear distinction between the cognitive properties of an individual and the cognitive properties of a system. In striking contrast to the usual laboratory tasks of research in cognitive science, he adopts David Marr's paradigm and applies the principal metaphor of cognitive science - cognition as computation - to the navigation task. After comparing modern Western navigation with the method practiced in Micronesia, Hutchins explores the computational and cognitive properties of systems that involve multiple individuals. He then turns to an analysis of learning or change in the organization of cognitive systems at several scales. Hutchins's conclusion illustrates the costs of ignorin
Table of Contents Acknowledgements
Introduction
1
Welcome Aboard
1
2
Navigation as Computation 49
3
The Implementation of Contemporary Pilotage
117
4
The Organization of Team Performances 175
5
Communication
229
6
Navigation as a Context for Learning 263
7
Learning in Context 287
8
Organizational Learning 317
9
Cultural Cognition 353
References
375
Index
379

Auteur : HUTCHINS
Editeur : M.I.T. PRESS
Nombre de pages : 381
Date de publication : 04 1995

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